Oral/Head & Neck Cancer

Oral cancer, also known as mouth cancer or oral cavity cancer, refers to the abnormal and uncontrolled growth of cells in the tissues of the mouth. This type of cancer can affect various parts of the oral cavity, including the lips, tongue, gums, inner lining of the cheeks, roof and floor of the mouth, and the tonsils. Oral cancer can be quite serious, but early detection and timely treatment significantly improve the chances of successful outcomes.

Here are some key points about oral cancer:

Causes and Risk Factors:

• Tobacco use (cigarettes, cigars, pipes, chewing tobacco) is one of the most significant risk factors for oral cancer.
• Excessive alcohol consumption is another major risk factor.
• Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, particularly certain strains of the virus, has been linked to an increased risk of oral cancer.
• Sun exposure can increase the risk of lip cancer.
• Poor oral hygiene, chronic irritation from ill-fitting dentures or sharp teeth, and a diet low in fruits and vegetables may also contribute.

Symptoms:

• Persistent mouth sore that doesn’t heal
• Persistent pain or discomfort in the mouth
• Lump, thickening, or rough spot on the lips, gums, or inside the mouth
• White or red patches on the gums, tongue, tonsils, or lining of the mouth
• Difficulty chewing, swallowing, or speaking
• Numbness or pain in the mouth or on the lips
• Changes in the way teeth fit together
• Unexplained weight loss

Diagnosis: Diagnosis of oral cancer involves a combination of methods:

• Visual and physical examination of the mouth and surrounding areas by a dentist or doctor.
• Biopsy: A small tissue sample is taken from the suspicious area for laboratory analysis.
• Imaging tests such as X-rays, CT scans, MRI scans, or PET scans to determine the extent of the cancer and whether it has spread.

Treatment: Treatment for oral cancer depends on factors such as the stage of the cancer, its location, and the overall health of the patient. Treatment options may include:

• Surgery: Removing the tumor and nearby tissues if necessary.
• Radiation therapy: Using high-energy rays to target and destroy cancer cells.
• Chemotherapy: Using drugs to kill cancer cells or stop their growth.
• Targeted therapy: Drugs that target specific molecules involved in cancer growth.

Prevention:

• Avoid tobacco in all forms.
• Limit alcohol consumption.
• Practice good oral hygiene and visit the dentist regularly.
• Protect your lips from sun exposure.
• Consider HPV vaccination.

Regular dental check-ups are important for detecting oral cancer in its early stages when treatment is more effective. If you notice any persistent symptoms or changes in your mouth, it’s important to consult an Oral Maxillofacial Surgeon for evaluation and treatment.